F riemann



2 Sheets-Sheet 1 en 7anw n W nh r F. PJEMANN DEVICE FOR WORKING- '\"1'OOD OIL INTO LACQUER Filed March 31, 1927 June 28, 1932.

F. RIEMANN June 28, 1932.

DEVICE FOR WORKING WOOD OIL INTO LACQUER Filed March 51, 1927 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 /I7 revr r' Patented June 28, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT. OFFICE FERDINAND RIEMANN, F NEUSS, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO THE FIRM WILHELM SCHMIDDING, OF KOLN-MANNSFELD, GERMANY DEVICE FOR WORKING WOOD OIL INTO LACQUEIR Application filed March 31, 1927, Serial No. 180,052, and in Germany February 18, 1927.

Working Chinese wood-oil into lacquers has been eifected up to now in a greatly imperfect manner, as the existing apparatus hitherto used for the purpose, and the methods hitherto employed, rendered it impossible to inspissate the wood-oil, prior to its being worked, quite per se, without any addition, to the utmost degree in order to utilize fully the particular and valuable properties of the same. The wood-oil has been worked up to now chiefly in this way that either it has been boiled together with other raw lacquer substances, such as copals, resins, hard resins, resin esters, artificial resins, dammars, and 1 the like, or it has been boiled together with other oils so as to be turned into a thick oil, or it has been inspissated, partly after a pattented method, so as to be turned into a mass of jelly-like consistency. All these manners a. of operation are very imperfect and do not fulfill their purpose. It the wood-oil is heated together with other raw substances it becomes not sufficiently inspissated and the degree of the inspissation cannot be con- :5 trolled in view of the difierent properties of the several ingredients of the mixture.

Inspissating the wood-oil with the aid of other, admixed oils is impractical because it becomes thick more quickly than other oils :0 so that these latter do not attain the necessary degree of consistency. Besides, the quality of the wood-oil is impaired by the addition of other oils and such additions must, therefore, be obviated. If the wood-oil is inspissated without any addition, this must be efiected at a comparatively low heat, and the procedure.

requires, therefore, from -18 hours. Furthermore, all these methods can be carried through only with difiiculty and their result is uncertain. Great losses of material must be expected, the danger of fire is pretty great, and the large volume of noxious vapors arises. The efiect is, finally, only a partial inspissation of the wood-oil. To obtain the valuable and particular properties of the wood-oil without any diminution, it is indispensably requisite to inspissate it completely without any addition. That might be effected by heating it to from 280 to 300, but this has not I been possible up to now because the wood-oil gelatinates and gets spoiled at those high de been melted or heated in the upper boiler is suddenly added to the inspissated wood'oil like a blow, so-to-say. The inspissation can be continued to the utmost degree because the addition of the other substances can be effected so quickly, so suddenly, merely by turning a lever, that no gelatinization of the woodoil can take place. The mass obtained in this way is then conducted into the third boiler, there cooled down and diluted with turpentine oil, lacquer benzine, or the like. The

now finished lacquer is conveyed into a storevessel by a pump or the like. In order to cool the lower boiler quickly, especially if it is pretty large, special cooling means, such as a cooling serpent, a cooling jacket,or the like, may be provided.

The two upper boilers may be charged anew instantly after they have been emptied so that the wood-oil can be inspissated in the middle boiler and the additions can be heated in the upper one while the cooling takes place in the lower boiler. The production of the lacquer proceeds, thus, practically in a continuous manner whereby the price-cost is considerably reduced, the more, as the output, relatively to that of the known procedures, is multiplied. The plant permits an easy survey, is completely self-contained, and provided with a vapor stack that is common to all three boilers. There is practically no danger of fire at all, and the workmen or attendants are no more molested by the vapors and their health does not sufier from them. The lacquers obtained in the manner stated excel the known ones by their improved qualities, as concerns drying capacity, lustre, hardness, elasticity, resistance to influences of the weather, also to lyes, acids and vapors of practically all kinds, and finally, they are cheaper.

In order to carry the invention into eflt'ect a plant of the kind illustrated diagramatically and by way of example in the accompanying drawings may be used. Figure 1 is a front-view of the plant, Figure 2 a plan, and Figure 3 a side-view of the same. a, b and c are the three boilers. The upper boiler a serves for the heating of the additional substances, the middle boiler b for the inspissation of the wood-oil, and both have separate furnaces d and al The boiler a is carried on 3 a masonry block m and accessible over an iron ladder or the like a. The boilers a and Z) are connected with each other by a pipe 6, and the boilers Z) and c by a pipe 7. The closing member for the pipe f lies within the boiler b in order to prevent that a partial gelatinizati'on takes place as would be the case if, for instance, an exteriorly arranged closing member, such as a cock or a valve, were provided, in that especially in front of such members a certain amount of wood oil collects and gets gelatinized when subjected to the action of the heat of the boiler. If the plant is somewhat large the boilers b and c are provided with a stirring device 9 in order to obtain thorough mixing of the mass. All boilers are provided with vapor collecting hoods 70 connected by tubes 72, with a commonvapor discharge tube 2'. Finally, the boiler c is provided with a pump Z by which the finished mass, i. e. the lacquer, can be withdrawn.

I wish it to be understood that the apparatus shown in the drawings is merely one example of a plurality of possible constructional forms. There may be many departures in the details without departing from the invention proper. Thus, for instance, all boilers may be connected with the pump, or means may be provided rendering it possible to press the mass out of one or the other boiler by carbonic acid, nitrogen or the like. The vapors may be sucked away by an exhauster or by steam or by a water-nozzle or by a chimney; and the heating may be effected by coal, gas, oil or the like or by superheated steam, hot water or electricity.

I claim:

1. A process of making lacquer with an installation of three vessels consisting in separately heating raw lacquer substances and wood-oil in two of the tanks, controlling the inspissation of the wood-oil and adding the raw lacquer substances to the heated woodoil, and completing the mixing of the raw lacquer and wood oil in the third vessel.

2. A process of making lacquer with an installation of three vessels consisting in heating raw lacquer substances and woodoil in two of the tanks, controlling the inspissation of the wood-oil and adding the raw lacquer substances to the wood-oil and cooling the mass thus obtained in the third vessel.

3. A process of making lacquer with an installation of three vessels consisting in heating raw lacquer substances and wood-oil separately in two of the tanks, agitating the heated wood-oil and adding the raw lacquer substances to the heated wood-oil and completing the mixing of the raw lacquer and wood oil in the third vessel.

4. A process of making lacquer with an installation of three vessels consisting in separately heating wood oil and raw lacquer substances in two of the vessels, adding the raw lacquer substances to the wood-oil and carrying oil and cooling the mass thus obtained in the third vessel.

5. A process of making lacquer with an installation of three vessels consisting in separately heating wood-oil and raw lacquer substances in two of the vessels, adding the v heated raw lacquer substances to the wood oil and cooling and diluting'the resulting mass in the third vessel.

6. A process of making lacquer with an installation of three vessels consisting in separately heating raw lacquer substances and wood oil in two of the tanks, controlling the lnspissation of the wood oil and adding the raw lacquer substances to the heated wood oil, conducting the mass thus obtained to they third vessel and completing the mixing of 1 

